Posted December 1, 2009

The driver for biofuels usage is not limited to the United States and Europe, but is also growing in the Asia-Pacific and Latin American regions, according to Tammy Klein, executive director of global biofuels services for Hart Energy Consulting. She spoke about the global biofuels outlook on the opening day of the Canadian Renewable Fuels Summit held Dec. 1 and 2 at Vancouver, British Columbia.

Thirty countries are implementing biofuels targets in 2010 alone, she said, with many of these countries in the developing world encouraging biofuels as a means of building energy security and improving their rural economies. Biodiesel demand is expected to double between 2009 and 2015, while supply is expected to grow threefold. "Currently there is massive overcapacity on a global basis in the biodiesel industry and utilization rates are generally below 50 percent," she added. Current global biodiesel capacity is already large enough to supply the demand projected for 2015 of 10 billion gallons per year.

Currently, 30 countries worldwide are blending biodiesel, with the typical B5 beginning to inch upward. Several countries in Europe are moving towards B7, with Brazil moving towards higher blends and Indonesia considering B10. In 2009, developing countries represented 17 percent of biodiesel demand and almost 50 percent of global supply. That is expected to grow to 42.6 percent of biodiesel demand and 59.2 percent of global supply by 2015. Much of that demand among developing countries will be for domestic use, she added. African nations are looking towards biofuels for job creation, economic development and domestic energy supply and are not likely to become international players. In the Asia-Pacific region, the big four-Indonesia, Malaysia, China and the Philippines-represent 74 percent of biodiesel demand in the region. Brazil is likely to produce biodiesel to satisfy its internal markets and continue to raise blending limits to absorb capacity.

Europe is expected to see the greatest penetration of biodiesel into the diesel market by 2015, although the pending implementation of sustainability standards for its Renewable Energy Directives is raising questions. "We don't know how Europe will meet its RED requirements," Klein said. With U.S. imports restricted by countervailing duties and the Brazilians using their biodiesel internally, it may leave Argentina and the Asia-Pacific producers to supply Europe, driving an expansion of the Asia-Pacific industry in particular. Europe will remain the largest consumer of biodiesel at about 44 percent of world consumption, but Asia-Pacific will come close with a 39 percent share by 2015, she projected.

Klein urged the group of Canadian Renewable Fuels Association members to be proactive about involvement in policy development and the work being done on sustainability standards, not only in dialoguing with nongovernmental organizations but also engaging with governments and organizations like the Roundtable for Sustainable Biofuels. "The complaint from the RSB is they don't have enough industry participation, and not enough producer involvement," she said.

She also predicted that the anticipated EU sustainability standards for biofuels will be challenged in the World Trade Organization as a protectionist trade barrier. At a recent international meeting, she reported, "the change in tenor was astonishing" from the EC representative who openly admitted they would have to consider WTO implications in the development of the RED. "Brazil is watching the EC closely," she said. "And Brazil has a history of winning WTO cases." If a WTO suit successfully challenges Europe's sustainable biofuels policy, it could also impact U.S. policy as well, she added.